PHARMACEUTICAL CALCULATION Test Questions

Experiment 6: Specific Gravity of Liquids

Objectives:

A.      Define specific gravity

B.      State and explain the Archimedes’ principle

C.      Describe the different methods of determining the specific gravity of a liquid and state their application, advantages, and limitations

D.      Determine the specific gravity of liquids using the appropriate / applicable method

E.       Calculate specific gravity of liquids

Test Questions:

1.       Define specific gravity:

2.       Differentiate true from apparent specific gravity

3.       Compare and contrast specific gravity and density

4.       What are the different methods of determining the specific gravity of liquids

5.       State the principle of Archimedes

6.       What is the application of specific gravity in the field of Pharmacy?

  

Experiment 7: Specific Gravity of Solids

Objectives:

A.      Define specific gravity

B.      State and explain the Archimedes’ principle

C.      Device a method for determining the specific gravity of solid depending on its physical form, density, and solubility in water, and other liquids

D.      Determine the specific gravity of solids using the appropriate method

E.       Calculate specific gravity of solids

Test Questions:

1.       What are the factors that must be considered in selecting the method to be employed

2.       Given the following data, compute for the specific gravity of the sample in each category:

a.       Solids heavier than and insoluble in water (one piece)

Weight of sample in air                  12.9057 g

Weight of sample in water           11.7704 g

b.      Solids heavier than insoluble in water (several pieces)

Weight of sample                                                                0.3132 g

Weight of volumetric flask + water                          164.4288 g

Weight of volumetric flask + water + sample       164.6768 g

c.       Solid heavier than and soluble in water

Weight of sample in air                                  2.7181 g

Weight of sample in mineral oil                  1.5623 g

d.      Solid heavier than and insoluble in water

Weight of sample in air                                     1.1488 g

Weight of sample in water                           18.8270 g

Weight of sinker in water                             17.2368 g

Weight of sample and sinker in water     14.8218 g

Experiment 8: Concentration Expression

Objectives:

A.      Define concentration

B.      Prepare a concentrated solution

Test Questions:

1.       Define concentration:

2.       Define the following concentration expressions:

a.       Mole

b.      Millimole

c.       Molarity

d.      Molality

e.      Normality

f.        mEq

g.       Percent (%)

h.      mg %

i.         ppm

j.        Mole fraction

k.       Osmalarity

l.         Osmolality

Experiment 9: Dilution of Solutions and Liquid Formulation

Objectives:

A.      Define dilution

B.      Calculate the volume or any quantitative measure, needed or the resultant strength by allegation methods

C.      Employ the aliquot method of measurement when necessary

D.      Prepare stock solutions; solution of different concentrations from stock solution or by mixing solutions of different strengths; dilute solutions of concentrated inorganic acids

Test Questions:

1.       Define dilution:

2.       Differentiate dilution / concentration from reducing / enlarging formulae:

3.       When do you employ the aliquot method of measurement? Illustrate.

4.       What are stock solutions?

5.       When do you prepare stock solutions?

6.       What are the two methods of Alligation? Illustrate.

Experiment 10: Calculation of Medication Dosage for Children

Objectives:

A.      Define dose

B.      Know the different expression of a dose

C.      Identify the different factors used as the basis in the calculation of dosage medication

D.      Know the different rules/formulae in calculating dosage for children

Test Questions:

1.       Define dose:

2.       What are the different expressions of a dose?

3.       Enumerate the different factors used as the basis in the calculation of dosage medication:

4.       What is the official household measuring equipment for liquids accepted by USP? Give its equivalent in millilitres:

5.       Which method is used for precise calculation of pediatric doses used by most physicians today? Why?

Experiment 11: Prescription Pricing

Objectives:

A.      Define Pharmacoeconomics

B.      Identify factors that bring about the importance of Pharmacoeconomics

C.      Know the different methods of prescription pricing:

Test Questions:

1.       What is Pharmacoeconomics?

2.       Identify and enumerate the different factors that bring about the importance of Pharmacoeconomics:

3.       What are the different methods of Prescription pricing?

HEALTH ECONOMICS

QUESTIONS TO PONDER UPON

1.       The Republic of the Philippines is classified as a third world nation.

A.      Would you want it to remain that way? Why?

B.      With economic growth as a goal, what would you suggest in order for us to achieve such?

2.       Anathema to corruption has been a battle cry for generations in Philippine politics. It is a major disadvantage of traditional economics. Would you agree if higher fees be institutionalized or legalized for expedite processing? Comment on this.

3.       Situational analysis: In Iznart street, Iloilo City, enterprises selling the same product line are located adjacent to each other. They have been open for so many years. What are the factors that allow them to have a health business relationship in spite of the very competitive environment?

4.       The mission and vision of many hospitals is the provision of affordable quality health care.

A.      Do you agree that healthcare in the local setting is affordable? Why?

B.      Do you agree that the health care being rendered to patients locally is of good quality? Why?

C.      What are your other comments and suggestions regarding this?

5.       Why do urban families spend more on miscellaneous expenses compared to rural ones?

6.       To what standard of living classification do you belong?

A.      Luxury

B.      Comfort

C.      Decency

D.      Bare living

E.       Poverty

Are you happy or satisfied with your status? If not, where do you want to belong and how do you plan to achieve such?

7.       As a future health care professional, what would be your contribution to the advancement of the Pharmacy practice in the country and in the region?

8.       True or false. State-of-the-art facilities present more advantages and greater learning opportunities for students.

A.      If true, would you later contribute your resources with the college and the university for such purpose as an alumnus / alumna in the near future? What are your plans specifically?

B.      If false, what is your view on this?

9.       What are the advantages and disadvantages of insurances? Would you personally decide to have one if you could? Explain.

BALANCES

BALANCES: measuring instrument used to determine the weight of a substance

Triple Bean Balance         : takes the mass of an object without having to compare it to another

                                                    : preferred for laboratory work when large amounts are to be weighed

             Double Bean Balance       : used when comparing two (2) weights

                            A.      With known weight [set of weights] placed on the right arm of the balance

                            B.      With unknown weight [material to be weighed] place on the left arm

Basic Parts:

·         Weighing pan / Sadle Pan
·         Index Pointer / Needle
·         Riders / Sliding Mass
·         Rider Beams (Two, for double beams; Three, for triple beams)
·         Adjustment Knob (for calibration)

CALIBRATION    : preparation of a usable scale on a measuring instrument

                             : standardization of measuring instruments